Remote sensing of inland Sabkha and a study of the salinity and temporal stability for sustainable development: A case study from the West coast of Qatar

The inland sabkha of the Arabian Gulf is important to study for occurrence minerals, rocks, soil salinity, and stability due high demand infrastructure agriculture development region. This describes spectral absorptions evaporite discriminates maps salt crusts, gypsiferous flats, studies temporal an Dukhan area, west coast State Qatar. was performed using satellite data Hyperion EO1, ASTER Terra, multispectral instrument (MSI) Sentinel-2. minerals in area detected by linear unmixing (LSU) method studied their spatial distribution. different geological formations were discriminated VNIR (visible near-infrared) SWIR (shortwave infrared) bands from principal component analysis (PCA). image developed components (R:PC2, G:PC3, B:PC5) showed tones. Salinity mapped monthly MSI 2018 2020 normalized difference salinity index (NDSI) (band11-band12)/(band11 + band12). results displayed distribution area. Besides, moisture (NDMI) (b8-b11)/(b8 b11) described sabkha. All analyses validated through field laboratory studies. spectra namely gypsum, anhydrite, halite present crusts flats unique between 1.4–1.5 ?m 1.9–2.0 whereas, calcite dolomite carbonate exhibited deep near 2.345 2.495 respectively.